These physicians sign biased ghostwritten articles without disclosing conflicts of interest. For participating in Parke-Davis promotional CME efforts, physicians received honoraria up to US$158,250, in addition to paid travel, lodging, and amenities at luxury resorts. Proteomic expression data is also available for many parasite species but coverage, especially when only high quality INCB18424 spectra are used, is generally much sparser than for microarray studies, thus limiting their usefulness. For example, one would expect stochiometric representation of proteins comprising different protein complexes across parasite lifecycle stages in proteomic data from P. berghei but this is not observed due to random sampling error at low coverage and chance. Likewise, histones, a component of chromatin that should be found in all lifecycle stages, are detected in only some stages—H3 is not found in ookinetes while H2A is not found in sporozoites. All the authors of rimonabant review articles held academic positions, many at prestigious institutions. They typified “medical opinion leaders” sought by pharmaceutical corporations to sign ghostwritten articles. Seven of eight rimonabant review articles appeared in journal supplements, which are nonpeer-reviewed, usually industry-funded publications known to carry a high incidence of bias. The Takhar bias instrument demonstrated bias in all eight articles. The mean score was 3.08 , significantly greater than the 2.5 score that separates unbiased from biased publications. In comparison, the mean score for 17 accredited CME events evaluated by Takhar and colleagues was 1.65. Supporting evidence defining an epitope, such as the Lc peptide mutagenesis data presented in this study, must be included in the analysis before assigning an epitope to an antibody. The assignment of an epitope motif to F1-40 including Q139, P140, D141, R145 and S146 is consistent with the BoNT serotype A specificity of F1-40. Sequence analysis of the cDNA derived from the mRNA coding for the heavy and light chains of F1-40 reveals features that are typical of mouse monoclonals antibodies. On the k-light chain, the section GVDGDIVMTQ from G29 to Q38 is a repeat of a preceding section from G17 to Q26, and forms the junction between the leader sequence and first framework region of the mature light chain. This repeat is not always present in k-light chains. The J-region of the heavy chain, TLVTVSA, is type 3 and the J-region of the k-light chain, TKLEIK, is type 2. In conclusion, we have localized the epitope of anti-BoNT/A mAb F1-40 to the exposed loop between ß4-ß5 regions. Both the our phage display and mutant-binding data suggest that amino acids Q139, P140, and D141, located at the tip of this loop, are critical for antibody binding. In addition, we report the cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences the variable and J-regions of the antibody’s heavy and light chains. The epitope assignment to a specific loop not only provides important.