If neoplastic cells dominating at diagnosis are sensitive to therapy, minor INCB18424 clones with intrinsic resistance may be secondarily generated by the tumor, and expand more efficiently once the competing clones are eliminated by the treatment. In the second hypothesis, these clones were present but undetectable in the pre-treatment lymphoma and became evident at relapse. In the dog with the same pattern of chromosomal rearrangements, chemotherapy seemed ineffective for the neoplastic clones. Future studies should be directed on the impact of cell growth properties and the clonal selection process in canine DLBCL before and after treatment. Interestingly, in dogs that were in clinical and molecular remission at the end of chemotherapy, an unexpected number of new gains and losses were found. A possible explanation of this finding might be related to the fact that a reduced number of clonal cells are still present in the lymph node, but the number of chromosomal arrangements is insufficient for lymphoma identification both by PARR or clinically. The histology of the lymph nodes was similar, being characterized by atrophic follicles. The paracortex displayed a moderate proliferation of the high endothelial venules and a high number of plasma cells were also present. These features were attributed to the effects of chemotherapy. Surprisingly, 3 dogs in remission at the end of treatment exhibited a new loss in CFA 8q11, where T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes are located. Moreover, one of them showed a loss in chr16, where TCR beta is located. These results are analogous to the findings observed in human melanoma after administration of a vaccine consisting of autologous melanoma cells modified with dinitrophenyl. In these patients, a TCR rearrangement in lymphocytes within the lesion was found. These three dogs received an autologous therapeutic vaccine in addition to chemotherapy, as previously described. The vaccine consisted of hydroxyapatite, heat shock proteins and proteins from the cell membrane system. Likewise human melanoma, immunotherapy might thereby explaining the results obtained here. In conclusion, the current results demonstrate that the application of oligo aCGH contributed to identifying CNAs that provided new insight for the study of cDLBCL. Preliminary statistical analysis highlighted regions associated with a poor outcome in a group of dogs. Thus, our analysis provides a rich starting point for future investigations into the molecular pathogenesis of canine DLBCL. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by a cluster of health factors that indicate a higher risk for renal dysfunction and cardiac diseases. The prevalence of MetS in the United States is increasing at an alarming pace, 34% of adults being affected as of 2006. The common factors that contribute to the development of MetS include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.