From hedgehogs, the only mecC-positive isolates and the only ones that were assigned to CC130. The MRSA infection in the hedgehogs described in this report caused severe disease. One of the hedgehogs developed a lethal septicaemia with infection of multiple organs, and MRSA was isolated in abundant growth in pure culture from the two tissues analysed, kidney and brain. In the other case, the hedgehog developed a severe dermatitis. Bacterial shedding and environmental contamination for example through urine and skin purulent exudates is likely to have occurred in these cases. The role of colonised and infected hedgehogs in the epidemiology of S. aureus/CC130-MRSA-XI cannot currently be assessed due to lack of information and more studies are required to address this issue. The presence of mecA variants in animal staphylococci as well as of mecC in animal isolates of S. aureus and S. xylosus indicates that bacterial populations from animals might serve as reservoir for precursors of resistance genes, that an emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria also takes place in animals and that the rise of drug-resistant pathogens thus can be regarded also as emerging zoonotic disease. Since, hedgehogs in particular often inhabit suburban gardens and parks, people and dogs often come into close contact with them. Therefore, it would be of interest to study the extent and frequency of MRSA infection in hedgehogs and other wildlife as well as the potential risk for humans and pets to contract the infection. Interleukin-6 is a marker of systemic inflammation that is synthesized in several tissues and regulates innate immunity and the acute phase response. Fasting plasma IL-6 levels are abnormally high in obesity and insulin resistance, and predict the development of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Systemic IL-6 The large number of HAIs we diagnosed for shRNA clone with restriction enzyme concentrations change acutely in the postprandial state with an initial decline followed by a later increase at approximately 3�C4 hours after the meal. This initial reduction in plasma IL-6 occurs after an oral glucose load, a mixed meal and a fatty meal. It is seen in both lean and obese individuals, as well as in those with diet controlled type 2 diabetes and premature myocardial infarction. The concomitant increase in circulating insulin levels is thought to contribute to the early decrease in plasma IL-6 after an oral glucose load and after meals. Insulin has anti-inflammatory properties that can attenuate the pro-inflammatory effect of hyperglycemia. In type 2 diabetic patients, an acute increase in circulating insulin levels during a meal decreases plasma concentrations of IL-6 and other inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, when insulin secretion is suppressed, acute hyperglycemia during intravenous glucose administration increases plasma IL-6 
concentrations. If hyperinsulinemia following an oral glucose load is an important contributor to the early decrease in plasma IL-6 concentrations then this decrease should be attenuated when circulating insulin levels are substantially lower at the same blood glucose concentrations.