Threshold Cinepazide maleate electrotonus was assessed utilising 100 ms subthreshold polarizing currents in both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing directions, with threshold reduction assessed between 90 and 100 ms of polarizing current in both hyperpolarizing and depolarizing directions. Pre-eclampsia, which affects 2% of pregnancies, is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is thought to be impaired trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries with consequent placental hypoperfusion and hypoxia. The abnormal trophoblastic invasion can be detected non-invasively by Doppler examination of the uterine arteries which, at mid-gestation, show evidence of high resistance in 77% of cases affected by early onset severe PE. In pregnancies with PE, there is some evidence that in addition to the vascular changes in the uteroplacental unit there is a generalized increase in maternal arterial stiffness. Non-invasive assess- ment of arterial stiffness is possible by the simple, validated and reproducible technique of applanation tonometry with which central blood pressures, arterial wave reflection and pulse wave velocity of different parts of the arterial tree can be studied. Arterial stiffness has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in healthy non-pregnant subjects. Six studies, utilizing applanation tonometry in pregnant women with established PE, have reported inconsistent results regarding maternal arterial stiffness but the majority of them support the concept of increased stiffness. Authors should interpret the results with great caution when reporting bias is detected in any pair-wise comparison and should be aware that reporting bias is likely not detected nor excluded appropriately in the NMA framework as well. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure the five year mortality still remains over 50%. About one third of patients with heart failure show a widened QRS complex as a sign of conduction system disease. Cardiac resynchronization Publications Using Abomle JQ1 therapy has evolved as the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic heart failure, left bundle branch block/QRS widening and severely reduced systolic left ventricular function despite optimal medical therapy. Large studies showed that CRT not only improves quality of life and LV systolic function but also leads to a reduction in mortality. Nevertheless up to one third of patients, so called nonresponders, do not symptomatically respond to this therapy. The exact reasons for lack of response are still unclear, but inadequate lead placement, scar burden, and also device settings may contribute. Several studies showed that increased scar burden, especially in the postero-lateral LV segments, the preferred region of the LV lead positioning, may lead to suboptimal clinical outcome.