Since the serum Glu level is reportedly increased even in drugna?ve patients, the effect of medication on the Glu level might be negligible. Calcia et al. reported that plasma D-Ser levels were lower in non-medicated than in medicated patients. Consistent with this, D-Ser levels were higher in SM-7368 patients with a longer history of recorded Ac-YVAD-cmk illness, suggesting that sustained medication use may increase D-Ser levels. Indeed, we observed that SGAs possess DAO-inhibitory activity in vitro. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant effects of SGAs may explain why prolonged treatment of patients restores the levels of 3-HB, AA, and LA, as each of these metabolites are sensitive to oxidative stress. There are nonetheless limitations to the current study. In the present study, blood samples were not collected from subjects in the early morning in a fasting state. Therefore, future studies should be performed under this condition to exclude the possibility that feeding is a confounding variable. Next, we only studied relatively young patients, and we therefore cannot extrapolate our findings to a broader patient range. In addition, all patients were medicated, and it is therefore important to gather information from drug-na?��ve patients in future studies. The present finding that the serum levels of 13 metabolites may be differentially regulated in schizophrenia patients extends our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease. Building upon this study, future investigations could identify which metabolites are suitable biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of schizophrenia and its associated treatment regimens. Cardiotoxicity associated with intensive chemotherapy affects life quality and overall survival of cancer patients. According to estimates cancer survivors in the US and Europe have a higher risk of cardiovascular death than the actual risk of tumor recurrence. However, assessment of LVEF is limited by an inability to detect early changes that can predict late declines in cardiac function and therefore there has been a growing interest in identifying circulating biomarkers as reproducible, sensitive and cost effective ways to identify patients in the risk of developing chemotherapyrelated cardiomyopathy.