Furthermore, induction of cytokines and anti-microbial peptides in the omentum appears exclusive to the adipocytes, since these effects were greatly enhanced in cultured adipocytes exposed to LPS. We identified the non cytotoxic doses of LPS in isolated omentum cells. Our data of LPS cytotoxicity are in agreement with the study conducted by Melzig and Loose on bovine aortic endothelial cells. Usually non- adipocyte cells or SV cells are considered to be the main source of pro-inflammatory adipose adipokine release by obese adipose tissue. However, Bassols et al. have shown that obese human omental differentiated adipocytes spontaneously release the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MIF, and the chemokines IL-8, GRO, and MCP-1. We observed higher protein expression levels for tested cytokines compared to levels of mRNA expression in omentum tissues. It is well documented that cytokine mRNAs are expressed transiently and at low levels because they are tightly regulated and rapidly processed. Whereas, the proteins of cytokines are known to express and accumulate in the cytoplasm and cell surface till secretion required. Therefore, our results may not be an unusual phenomenon. The trends of Ibandronate sodium salt Western blot analysis were in accordance with the result obtained by Fain et al.. Antimicrobial peptides are effector molecules of innate immunity with microbicidal and pro- or anti-inflammatory activities. There is evidence that one such multifunctional peptide, LL-37, induces angiogenesis, a process essential for host defense, wound Kainic acid monohydrate healing, and tissue repair. In normal tissue, these peptides have a negligible expression, but this may be triggered by injury or inflammation of the organ, and their expression or activation is essential for the organ to resist microbial infection. Omental adipocytes could play a major role in protecting against infection by generating defensin. We also found that LPS exposure for 24 and 48 h induces significant expressions of LL-37 in omentum derived cultured adipocytes. To validate the expression of additional antimicrobial peptides in omental tissue, we evaluated the expression of HBD-1 and HBD- 2, and found up regulation of these peptides at both m-RNA and protein levels. In summary, for the first time, we demonstrate a significantly high expression of selected and antiinflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides in normal human omentum tissue, when compared to control.