No decrease in ileal TLR5 mRNA expression was observed in the broilers fed the HE diet after the CORT treatment in comparison with the birds fed the LE diet, which is likely due to the high level of n-6 fatty acids comprising the HE diet. TLR5 binds to bacterial flagellin and activates the pro-inflammatory response and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Host recognition of flagellin has been reported to promote rapid neutrophil recruitment that protects the host from pathogens. Overall, the present findings showed that exposure to CORT induced the modulation of the innate immune INDY system of broiler chickens, but it was ameliorated by higher dietary energy. However, due to the impacts of soybean oil on plasma cytokines and the microbial population in the intestines, the high level of soybean oil in the broilers fed the HE diet should be taken into account. Additional studies are needed to acquire a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the effects of GCs on the intestinal innate immune system of broiler chickens. The rapid identification of drug resistance genes directly from positive blood cultures is critical for the selection of appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of nosocomial infections, especially sepsis. Traditional phenotypic susceptibility results usually take an additional 1�C2 days after a blood culture is reported to be positive. Some rapid susceptibility testing assays, such as shortened incubation of susceptibility tests by microfluidic system and the use of functional mass spectrometry assays, have been used to improve the speed of AST results. However, a growth-based method may in some instances not detect resistant pathogens, e.g. methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus when using oxacillin, due to the known heterogeneous expression of the mecA gene. Real-time PCR assays are commonly used for the rapid detection of biological organisms in complex environmental and clinical matrices. Rapid and specific diagnosis of infection for IPTG emerging agents is critical for applying the appropriate countermeasures as time to detection and treatment can impact prognosis and pathogen containment. These types of PCR assays work through primer-dependent amplification of specific nucleic acid targets and probe-based fluorescence detection of the target amplicon. One such probe-based technology is TaqMan. This assay relies on Taq DNA polymerase��s inherent 5���C3�� exonuclease function to digest a FRET-based probe in the DNA polymerization reaction, releasing the probe-bound fluorophore and cognate quencher. The unquenched fluorophore is detected, and relative fluorescence is translatable to the relative amount of amplicon. TaqMan and other probe-based assays require all components of the PCR reaction to be accessible and perform optimally for efficient detection and diagnosis.