In an RCT study of 275 diabetes patients, Weinberger et al. reported no association between glycemic control and HRQOL at the one year follow-up. A recent cross-sectional study of more than 1000 diabetes patients found a clear association between 2,3-Dichloroacetophenone higher HbA1c Taltirelin levels and decreased HRQOL. In our study, no influence of higher HbA1c levels on HRQOL after five years was noticeable. In our study, the presence of diabetes related complications is strongly predictive for decreased HRQOL in diabetes patients after five years. In previous cross-sectional research, this inverse association was consistently reported. We found, in addition, that a higher BMI at baseline and former or current smoking is associated with a lower PCS at five years later – a result that is in line with previous study results. Higher BMI is known to have a negative contemporaneous association to HRQOL in diabetes patients. This relationship appears to be independent of disease severity. In a large multicenter RCT, it was shown that even a weight-management program could improve HRQOL in diabetes patients. In addition to HRQOL, additional complications, and BMI at baseline, higher age was significantly related to lower PCS at five years later. As the PCS sum score is strongly related to the patient��s physical ability to perform activities of daily life, this result was to be expected. Interestingly however, age was not associated with MCS at five years later. These results correspond to the findings of previous studies regarding the natural progression in HRQOL which showed that, in older age groups, PCS tends to decline over time whereas MCS still may improve, dependent on gender and age group. Additional subgroup analyses showed that in people with a reported history of depression advanced age was significantly associated with higher MCS scores at five years later. What could be the cause of this finding? It has been hypothesized that responsiveness to negative emotions decreases with age, and that older people may, in fact, achieve greater emotional control due to their learning of more effective coping strategies over their lifespan. The reason for this reciprocal interaction between age and depression regarding MCS could be that people have better coping strategies of emotional distress with increasing age. In contrast, in a cross sectional study that included 2056 individuals from a national sample in the United States, patients on insulin reported lower QOL scores than did those on oral medication. In our study, however, we found no prospective association between insulin treatment and HRQOL. One reason for the controversial findings could be that the relationship between insulin treatment and HRQOL in diabetes patients is heterogeneous across age. In elderly people, insulin treatment may be less stigmatized than in younger patients. The latest research findings show that the omission of insulin injections is negatively correlated with age.