In the elevated plus-maze test, ACM4 mice spent significantly more time in the open arms of the testing apparatus than did wild-type and FSM mice. FSM mice showed no significant change in phenotype for this test. We next designed and performed an original behavioral test to measure anxiety levels, based on the observation that mice generally prefer novel objects encountered in a familiar place. In this test, mice were placed in a closed box on the first day to become familiar with the box. On the second day mice were placed in the same box to which a cylinder with two entrances had been added. FSM mice spent significantly less time accessing the novel area as Echinacoside compared to wild-type mice, while the total distance they traveled during the test was normal. This suggests that higher anxiety in FSM mice resulted in lower access to the novel area. Taken together, the level of functional activin in the brain modulates anxiety-related behavior. Finally, no depressive behavior was observed in FSM mice in the forced swimming test. Adult neurogenesis is the production of new Neohesperidin neurons in areas of the adult brain including the subventricular zone and subgranular zone of the hippocampus. This formation of new neurons plays a number of physiological roles including damaged neuron replacement, memory formation and response to stress. Moreover, some reports have recently shown that neurogenesis is involved in depression. We therefore examined adult neurogenesis in hippocampal SGZ of FSM and ACM4 mice using 5-bromodeoxyuridine -labeling experiments. Transgenic mice were injected with BrdU three times per day for three consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed either 24 h or 4 weeks after the final injection day. BrdU is incorporated into genomic DNA by cells at S-phase, therefore, by staining with a neuronal marker and an anti-BrdU antibody, newly generated neurons were easily detected. A significant difference between FSM and ACM4 mice was observed in the number of SGZ BrdU-positive cells after 24 h.The number of BrdU- and NeuN-double positive cells was normal at the 1-week stage in FSM mice, suggesting a normal differentiation rate. However, a marked decrease was observed in the number of BrdU- and NeuN-double positive cells at 2- and 3-week stages compared with wild-type littermates.