We demonstrated that dental caries can be detected in early periods, starting at 3 months after diabetes induction, and a progressive increase in their severity was observed along disease development. These high incidence of caries in diabetic rats possibly occurs in response to qualitative and quantitative salivary alterations, and/or due to a persistent hyperglycemia that could affect quantitatively the microbiological oral profile of the rats. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes induced periodontal disease remain to be elucidated. It is possible that Napabucasin development of diabetes results in an accentuated inflammatory phenotype that, in response to normal flora in periodontal biofilm, initiates an inflammatory process that leads to periodontal destruction. Alternatively, diabetes-induces changes in the oral flora, or the accumulation of AGEs in gingival tissues may also be related with the development of periodontal disease by diabetic rats. Moreover, alterations in repair process resultant from diabetes, such as alterations in fibroblast biology and collagen synthesis, probably contribute to periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic mice. The results presented here demonstrate that diabetes induction trigger alterations which are typical of periodontal diseases even in the absence of aggressive factors such as ligatures. Therefore, diabetes induction renders a previously resistant host into a susceptible phenotype, thus triggering the development of periodontal disease. Consequently, diabetes can be considered a very important risk factor to periodontal disease since it could also trigger, or even co-induce the onset of periodontal disease, and not only exacerbate the established disease. However, other studies must be carried out to improve knowledge on the interaction between diabetes and periodontal diseases, which may serve as a basis for development of more Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil) effective strategies for prevention and treatment of periodontitis in diabetic patients. Since the release of this result, prophylactic use of zidovudine has been recommended in all industrialized countries.