Many different varieties are commercialised that are genetically diverse but contain

Options for systemic treatment of human AD include azathioprine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies and 602 patients determined that cyclosporine consistently decreased the severity of AD. Germination of mature DKC6575 seeds was quicker than that of Tietar. Radicle emergence was visible in MON810 one day before than in conventional seeds; and 3 days after imbibition about half transgenic seeds had 10�C30 mm long radicles whereas most conventional ones were less than 10 mm long. Differences in plumule emergence and growth were clearly visible at days 7 and 9 after imbibition, most MON810 but just half conventional ones reaching 30 mm. We finally analysed some morphological parameters in 20DAP embryos of the same variety pairs. There were differences between MON810 embryos and the corresponding near-isogenic ones in terms of dry weight, axis length and total area, GM embryos being slightly smaller than the conventional ones. These differences might indicate changes in the developmental timing between MON810 and nearisogenic embryos. However, there were no statistical differences in these morphological parameters between GM and near-isogenic fully mature embryos, indicating that MON810 and conventional varieties are similar at harvest. The GM maize event MON810 is extensively grown. Many different varieties are commercialised that are genetically diverse but contain the same transgene inserted at the same chromosomal location. The aim of the present study was to assess possible consistent differences between the transcriptome of immature embryos of commercial MON810 and near-isogenic non-GM varieties, with special emphasis on the transgene and flanking sequences. The use of high-throughput massive sequencing should provide deep and unbiased transcriptomic information, allowing identification of small differences between transgenic and conventional transcriptomes and thus, detection of unintended effects of the transformation event.Unigenes with less than five reads were discarded from mRNA-seq analysis carried out to identify differentially expressed genes, thus genes with low expression levels were not investigated using this approach.

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