Non-coding RNAs are emerging as critical determinants and regulators of neuronal development not only by modulating global gene expression but also by regulating gene expression of their neighbouring or associated genes. These non-coding RNAs are being widely studied as Betulinic acid competing endogenous RNA, which govern the regulatory roles on genome wide gene expression. In our study, we characterized the expression of mRNAs, lncRNAs associated with known protein-coding genes and miRNAs during neuronal differentiation and ischemic condition. Primary neuronal Varlitinib cultures were established from embryos of E15 pregnant Swiss albino mice and maintained in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27 to ensure selective growth of cortical neurons. We could obtain. 99% neuronal cultures as reported by Valerio et al and Yamasaki et al. We also showed the absence of Sox2, CD11b, O4 and GFAP staining in our E15 neuronal cultures, indicating presence of purely post-mitotic neurons. Hence, expression studies on these cultures represent the expression changes associated with maturation of neurons similar to studies carried out by Valerio et al and Chen et al. The RNA expression profiles reported thus reflect changes in dendritic or axonal gene expression in neurons. Furthermore, as per our observation, the shortlisted genes such as Negr1 and Ncam1 have also been reported to be important in neuronal development. Analyses of the expression profiles of both the mRNAs and lncRNAs revealed extensive regulation of genes by lncRNAs, Figure S2B, Table S3) during neuronal differentiation. In this study, genes that were differentially expressed as well as had altered lncRNA expression associated with their locus were mapped to proliferation and differentiation associated pathways that are involved in cell cycle processes, cell adhesion molecules and neurotrophin signalling.This is unexpected as given the role of miRNAs as posttranscriptional regulators, an inverse expression profile is usually more likely between miRNAs and mRNAs.A large number of the genes identified in these pathways showed similar expression profiles between the miRNAs and their respective target mRNAs. Therefore, we proposed that the associated lncRNAs could be providing another level of modulation. The function of miRNAs as translational inhibitors is well-established.