Nitrogen-rich enzymes and FTY720 nitrogencontaining precursors are involved in the production of what are termed C-based defenses, however, so this classification of defenses as C- or N-based may be an oversimplification and confound interpretation of responses to resources in the framework of the CNBH or GDBH. There has, in fact, been much debate as to the utility of the CNBH, and it has also been erroneously applied. Nonetheless, the empirical support for this hypothesis shows predicted patterns of phenotypic changes in defenses for temperate woody, herbaceous, and tropical species. The GDBH is more detailed than the CNBH and predicts a negative correlation between growth and defense under conditions of moderate to high resource availability. The GDBH is difficult to test because: 1) a broad range of resource availability must be included in studies, 2) most variables assessed are merely correlates of the plastic physiological processes that are part of the hypothesis, and 3) it is difficult to XL880 ensure the maintenance of experimental resource conditions throughout a plant’s growth. Despite these challenges, valuable insights on trade-offs and priorities in plant resource allocation can be gained from studies addressing aspects of the GDBH. Furthermore, ATR phosphorylates proteins involved in recombination and nucleotide excision repair. The intracellular activity of PIKK kinases is known to be regulated, at least in part, by their localization and this is likely to be true also for ATR. In this work we describe a fission yeast protein whose homologue in many fungi is encoded within the same open reading frame as the Rad3 homologue, suggesting that the two proteins are acting together also when they are encoded separately. We present evidence that the gene is involved in DNA replication control and may interact with Rad3. In particular, arguing that the two proteins are acting in some common reaction pathway. We have identified and characterized Hpz1, a novel putative partner for Rad3 in fission yeast. This partnership may give important insights into the functions of Rad3 and of its homologues in the ATR family of proteins since these proteins perform important, and sometimes essential, functions in cell-cycle regulation and in maintenance of the genome. Gastric cancer, one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, remains an important public health problem. Studies have shown that 989,600 new gastric cancer cases occurred in 2008 and that 738,000 patients die annually of this disease. There is a considerable geographic variation in the gastric cancer incidence, with higher rates in Asia and some parts of South America. Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in China, accounting for 38% of worldwide cases every year. Although it is well known that environmental factors, dietary habits, and Helicobacter pylori infection are associated with the risk of gastric cancer, the host genetic factor is also believed to be important in gastric carcinogenesis. Genetic susceptibilities could be explained, in part, by single nucleotide ICI 182780 polymorphisms of susceptible genes.