The present studies did not find gender to significantly moderate the size-dominance relationship, although, as a general rule, gender is an important moderator of status perceptions. Men are often perceived to be Erlotinib higher status than women, women and men may use partially distinct dominance cues in their social interactions, and the way the status cues of men and women are processed are partially distinct as well. However, in many contexts the status cues that men and women employ are highly similar. This is not surprising, as attaining high status is advantageous for males and females across species. This may help to explain why gender did not significantly interact with height and perceived dominance. These findings are consistent with results from recent studies in which gender has not been found to interact with the use of cues, such as postural openness, that affect perceived status. The use of standardized photographs showing single actors in the present study may have reduced gender’s influence by tempering obvious differences between our male and female targets’ appearances. In addition, our studies were not designed or analyzed to specifically assess the influence of gender on perceived status, but to assess covariation in perceived size and dominance across targets who vary in age, gender, and appearance. The long-term enhancement of VEP reported here is similar to LTP mechanisms whereby synaptic strength is increased by the opening of NMDAR which launches a Ca2+ influx followed by an upregulation of glutamatergic receptors. The findings of the current study confirm that fecal calprotectin levels are elevated in premature infants, compared with older age groups, with a wide range of inter- and intra-individual variation during the first few weeks of life. They further demonstrate that the most significant factors that affect calprotectin excretion are ante and per natal antibiotic treatment, volume of enteral feeding, the occurrence of unplanned interruptions of enteral feeding, and the gastrointestinal bacterial colonization. Consistent with previous studies, the fecal calprotectin levels observed in healthy preterm infants in the current study were high and clearly exceed those reported in healthy adults and children. Likewise, we observed a wide range of interand intra-individual variation. Such range of variation is unlikely to result from a poor stability of calprotectin in stools, since calprotectin resists proteolysis, and is stable at room temperature for up to a week. Although stool samples were collected from babies’ diapers in the current study, the sampling technique cannot account for the variation either, since the changes in calprotectin concentrations found in the current study largely exceed what could be accounted for by water absorption.